Meta-Analysismoderate evidence
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intrathecal drug delivery systems for the treatment of chronic refractory non-cancer pain.
Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·September 8, 2026·PMID 42710940
Why it mattersITDD is an established but inconsistently commissioned intervention for refractory non-cancer pain, and this synthesis provides the most comprehensive estimate of its real-world benefit and safety to date. The finding that most patients achieve clinically meaningful pain relief supports its role in carefully selected patients, while highlighting the need for better adverse event data.

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