Randomized Trialhigh evidence
Acute GIP and GLP-1 Administration Exerts Differential Metabolic Effects in Totally Pancreatectomised Individuals.
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·August 1, 2026·PMID 42225304
Why it mattersUnderstanding the extrapancreatic actions of GIP and GLP-1 in the complete absence of endogenous insulin and glucagon clarifies their direct physiological roles, informing the development and clinical use of dual and triple incretin agonists in metabolic disease.

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