Cohort Studymoderate evidence
Age-Associated Inflammatory Monocytes Are Increased in Menopausal Females and Reversed by Hormone Replacement Therapy.
Aging cell·November 1, 2025·PMID 41064932
Why it mattersMenopause drives a shift toward inflammatory monocyte profiles and impaired phagocytic function, which may contribute to increased infection susceptibility in aging females. HRT appears to counteract these immune changes, suggesting a potential strategy to restore anti-pathogen immunity.
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