Randomized Trialhigh evidence
Real-time vs. pre-procedural ultrasound guidance for lower thoracic epidural puncture: a randomised controlled trial.
Anaesthesia·September 1, 2026·PMID 42680201
Why it mattersLower thoracic epidural analgesia is common for abdominal surgery, but technical difficulty can lead to multiple attempts and patient discomfort. Real-time ultrasound guidance may enhance procedural efficiency and safety by improving needle accuracy.

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