Randomized Trialhigh evidence

Transcranial direct current stimulation of primary motor cortex reduces thermal pain.

Pain·April 1, 2026·PMID 41380142

Why it matters

This study provides robust, reproducible evidence that M1-tDCS can modulate pain in a polarity-specific manner, addressing prior concerns about small samples and blinding. It strengthens the rationale for investigating tDCS as a non-pharmacologic pain intervention.

Infographic summary of Transcranial direct current stimulation of primary motor cortex reduces thermal pain.
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