Cohort Studyhigh evidence

Stimulant medications affect arousal and reward, not attention networks.

Cell·December 24, 2025·PMID 41448140

Why it matters

It challenges the common belief that stimulants primarily boost attention, instead showing they modulate arousal and reward systems. This reframes how clinicians understand and communicate the effects of stimulant medications to patients.

Infographic summary of Stimulant medications affect arousal and reward, not attention networks.
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