Randomized Trialhigh evidence
CYP1A2 Genotype and the Ergogenic Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Strength and Endurance Performance in Trained Individuals.
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·February 1, 2026·PMID 41627185
Why it mattersThis study supports low-dose caffeine as a practical pre-exercise aid for resistance performance in trained adults and suggests routine sex-based adjustment is unnecessary. Genotype may explain some individual variability, but CYP1A2 status alone does not appear to determine whether caffeine works.
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