Randomized Trialhigh evidence

Single-step versus multi-step intranasal naloxone devices for overdose response: A randomized usability study in an at-risk population.

The American journal of emergency medicine·September 1, 2026·PMID 42139771

Why it matters

Take-home naloxone programs often rely on lay responders who may not receive structured training. Device complexity can critically affect overdose response success and speed, directly impacting survival.

Infographic summary of Single-step versus multi-step intranasal naloxone devices for overdose response: A randomized usability study in an at-risk population.
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