Cohort Studyhigh evidence
Testosterone therapy and the risk of atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular events in cis men with hypogonadism and trans men.
European journal of endocrinology·August 29, 2025·PMID 40924869
Why it mattersTestosterone therapy is widely used but its cardiovascular safety remains debated. This study provides real-world comparative data for both cisgender hypogonadal men and transgender men, helping clinicians weigh thrombotic and arrhythmic risks against potential benefits like reduced MI and, in trans men, lower suicidality.

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