Randomized Trialhigh evidence
Simultaneous brain-spinal fMRI reveals neural mechanisms of TENS-induced analgesia.
Journal of advanced research·October 28, 2026·PMID 42951204
Why it mattersTENS is widely used for pain but its neural mechanisms are poorly understood. This study shows that different TENS parameters engage distinct brain-spinal circuits, which may explain variability in clinical response and guide protocol selection for localized versus widespread pain.
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