Cohort Studyhigh evidence
Smoking, Exhaled Carbon Monoxide, and Risk of Parkinson Disease.
JAMA neurology·September 8, 2026·PMID 42709430
Why it mattersThe inverse association between smoking and PD has been observed for decades, but the mechanism is unclear. This study suggests that carbon monoxide, a component of cigarette smoke, may be neuroprotective, providing a biological explanation and supporting ongoing trials of CO-based therapies for PD.
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