Cohort Studymoderate evidence

Testosterone replacement therapy increases the risk of nonunion after surgical fixation of lower extremity fractures.

Injury·August 1, 2026·PMID 42314529

Why it matters

Orthopedic surgeons managing lower extremity fractures in men on TRT should be aware of a possible increased risk of bone healing complications and need for revision, which may influence preoperative counseling and postoperative surveillance.

Infographic summary of Testosterone replacement therapy increases the risk of nonunion after surgical fixation of lower extremity fractures.
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