Randomized Trialhigh evidence
Caffeine enhances soleus motoneuron output and preserves torque during repetitive wide-pulse high-frequency stimulation.
Journal of neurophysiology·July 1, 2026·PMID 42141779
Why it mattersCaffeine’s ergogenic effects are often attributed to central or peripheral mechanisms; this study provides direct evidence for a spinal contribution, showing that caffeine preferentially facilitates motoneuron output in the soleus during repetitive activation. This insight can inform strategies to enhance neuromuscular electrical stimulation outcomes and muscle performance in fatiguing tasks.
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