Systematic Reviewhigh evidence
Treatment Options for Chronic Pain After Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventional, Pharmacological, and Rehabilitative Strategies.
Cureus·May 1, 2026·PMID 42231986
Why it mattersPain specialists managing PSPS-T2 must recognize that advanced neuromodulation, while effective for pain, does not automatically reduce opioid use in real-world settings. This 'Opioid Paradox' underscores the importance of integrating functional restoration and addressing opioid dependency behaviors within a holistic care model.
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