Randomized Trialhigh evidence
Surgery Versus Watchful Waiting for First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Annals of internal medicine·August 11, 2026·PMID 42574728
Why it mattersHallux rigidus causes substantial pain and functional limitation, yet no prior randomized trials have compared surgery to the natural disease course. This trial provides high-level evidence that arthrodesis markedly reduces pain, supporting its role as a definitive treatment option.
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