Randomized Trialhigh evidence
Restorative Neurostimulation Outcomes for Mechanical Chronic Low Back Pain: Delayed-Start Crossover from Optimal Medical Management and 2-Year Treatment Longitudinal Analyses from the RESTORE Randomized Controlled Trial.
The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society·July 16, 2026·PMID 42462977
Why it mattersMechanical chronic low back pain from multifidus dysfunction often responds poorly to conservative care. This study provides longer-term evidence that restorative neurostimulation durably improves function and pain, and that delayed treatment yields similar benefits, supporting its role when standard options fail.
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