Randomized Trialmoderate evidence
Low Carbohydrate Availability in Energy Balance Alters Bone Turnover and Muscle Proteomic Response With Limited Endocrine Disruption.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·September 15, 2026·PMID 42670629
Why it mattersLow carbohydrate availability is often used by athletes to enhance metabolic adaptation, but its isolated effects on bone and muscle health are unclear. This study shows that even short-term carbohydrate restriction under energy balance can increase bone resorption and reduce anabolic signaling, which may have implications for training periodization and injury risk.
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