Comparative efficacy and safety of photobiomodulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Lasers in medical science·July 23, 2026·PMID 42487022

Why it matters

Non-pharmacological options for Alzheimer's disease are limited, and this analysis provides comparative evidence that PBM may offer greater cognitive benefit than other non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, helping clinicians weigh emerging neuromodulation choices.