Randomized Trialhigh evidence
The effect of low-dose ketorolac on minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions: final analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine·September 4, 2026·PMID 42696765
Why it mattersNSAIDs are often avoided after spinal fusion due to concerns about impaired bone healing. This trial provides high-level evidence that a short course of low-dose ketorolac does not compromise fusion when used with BMP, allowing clinicians to incorporate it into multimodal analgesia to reduce opioid exposure and accelerate recovery.
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