Randomized Trialhigh evidence
Reduced coupling between global brain activity and cerebrospinal fluid flow in middle-aged and older adults with chronic insomnia: enhancement by low-frequency rTMS.
Sleep·February 4, 2026·PMID 41636601
Why it mattersIt provides the first evidence that chronic insomnia in later adulthood is associated with altered CSF dynamics, a potential glymphatic-related marker, and that LF-rTMS may modulate this coupling while improving sleep, offering a non-pharmacological option.
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