Cohort Studymoderate evidence
Standard Intraoperative Fluid Practices During the 2024 Intravenous Fluid Shortage.
JAMA network open·September 1, 2026·PMID 42742938
Why it mattersStandard intraoperative fluid practices are often liberal, but this natural experiment suggests that marked reductions in crystalloid administration may be safe and potentially beneficial, challenging conventional perioperative fluid management.

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