Cohort Studymoderate evidence
Associations of habitual coffee intake with testosterone and cardiometabolic markers: the Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study.
European journal of nutrition·July 16, 2026·PMID 42461444
Why it mattersCoffee consumption is common, yet its metabolic and hormonal effects remain unclear. This study provides sex-specific data on how habitual intake relates to body composition, amino acid profiles, and androgen status—relevant for clinicians advising on nutrition, hormone health, and metabolic risk.

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