Randomized Trialhigh evidence
Effects of Repeated Sprint Training With Hypoventilation on Specific Performance in Elite Epee Fencers.
International journal of sports physiology and performance·July 27, 2026·PMID 42508800
Why it mattersElite fencing demands repeated high-intensity efforts where fatigue often degrades technical precision. A simple, equipment-free breathing technique that preserves reaction time under fatigue could offer a practical edge in competition without altering sprint speed gains.
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